This book is the author’s doctoral thesis and deals with a particularly important topic, which has not been extensively discussed in Romanian theology and comes to fill an important gap in this field. Given that we no longer have any apostolic autographs of the New Testament writings, the research into the history of the biblical text is self-evident in order to discover how it was transmitted over time, especially before the invention of the printing press, but also afterwards. At the same time, this reconstruction approach also takes into account the notification of the shortcomings and mistakes in the various manuscripts, the significance of the glosses or the reasons for the existence of a large number of textual variants. Despite the reluctance shown by some theologians to the scientific approach to their research, it must be said that there are very few significant differences between these testimonies, so that no dogma of the Christian faith depends exclusively on an uncertain passage. Compiling a history of the biblical text, from the beginning of the transmission of the manuscripts to the invention of printing, is the same as compiling a complete history of Judaism and Christianity. All the great events in the history of Jews and Christians, all the great theological problems and disputes have left their mark on the scriptural materials in one way or another, both in the original languages and in the many vernacular versions of the people converted to Christianity. Reconstruction of the original also requires knowledge of the language in which it was written, as well as the history of its transmission, from the time it began to be fixed in writing, to modern critical editions. An orthodox approach to the issue of the textuality of the Scripture requires a lot of attention and discernment, because we are not talking about a simple “critical science,” but about the revealed Word of God. Modern critical editions must always be connected with the living tradition of the Church and with the evolution of biblical readings within divine worship.